Friday, April 21, 2017

A Talking about DMD: Meet with Thomas E. German

Xinyi Chen, November 10, 2006
 This Wednesday afternoon at 2:10, I met with Thomas E. German in his office and interviewed him with some questions about his teaching life in DMD (Digital Media Design) major of Muskingum University. Thomas E. German am associate professor in DMD major, he was a student that has been graduated from Muskingum University and after graduating he worked for CNN and Ohio State University, also he is my advisor. We had good time in this interview and enjoyed it.
  German has been working in Muskingum for 9 years since 2007, before he works in Muskingum, he worked in television production for about 10 years, but German thought it isn’t interesting actually. Then he worked for Ohio State University in their television station, they gave him an opportunity to take master’s classes and graduate from school for free, so he gets master degree from Ohio State University and goes on his PHD. German told me that if you graduate school for PHD, there is not a lot of options for most people, you basically be trained to be a professor and researchers or some sorts.
    “So, as I finished up, there was a job that sounds like perfect to me, that was Muskingum, so I applied for it and get hired.”
  After that I asked him what is the favorite class when he teach DMD, German answered that it is visual communication (DMD-300). You need to do and learn a lot in visual communication. He told me that many students would have some misunderstandings about this class and have many questions, what’s the signs, symbols and environments might mean, and maybe they don’t understand that they can interpret differently by variety people. He really like how students come to understand things and it is interested. German told me that visual communication is not easy to learn and you have to learn a lot for it, it is a challenging class.
  “A lot of people I think have signed up for that class because it sounds very interesting sounds very cool, maybe fun and I think it is fun, but it also need to learn at the same time.”
  About the favorite part of his job, he said: “Watching student and young people start to gain a better understandings and appreciation of things that we teach.” As a professor, a teacher, it is a great honor and achievement to light up students’ interest and become involve with DMD major.
  Then we talked about the tendency of DMD and convergent medias’ developing and the importance in this internet era. German claimed that they are emerging major programs today, “Emerging means it is constantly and possibly changes.” Then he shared his experience about his teaching content changing. In 2007, no one has iphone because smart phone wasn’t created, now, you need to do a lot of design by using multiple equipment and technology, and they will change very fast, so you have to learn new staff new technology on and on. So today’s DMD classes is not same as past. “It is good,” German said, “It is good things to keep learning.” He smiled and said that if you teach the same class over and over in several years, you will get bored.
  The last question is about the hobby or the favorite thing he like to do outside of class. German said he loves music and pursue music. He plays trombone and he join in a local community band. Also he can play a little bit guitar and drums, and he said it is fun to play them for his cat and himself.

   After the interview, we talked about more about the DMD class, the differences between digital art design and art design, I got a lot of information about the DMD major and know more about my future work line. I really appreciate to have this chance to talk with Prof. Thomas E. German.

The Last Speech of Wen Yiduo

    About this rhetorical analysis, I want to talk about a Chinese poet and scholar’s speech-----the Last Speech given by Wen Yiduo in 1946.9, as this title says, this speech is his last speech in his life, five hours after giving this speech, he was gunned down on his way home. Wen Yiduo is one of the most admirable scholars of mine, his poetries and works is full with patriotism and the yearning for democracy and peace, also the Last Speech he gave in 1946 express the same theme and the contending against dictatorship by Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party).
    Wen Yiduo is one of China’s most talented poets and the early leader of the Democratic League. He had studied at Art Institute of Chicago and Colorado College, and in the late 1920s became a professor of English and American Literature at Nanjing University. When Wen Yiduo gave speech, he was at memorial service for Li Gongbu in Kunming, who was assassinated by Kuomintang’s secret agents because he objects to Jiang Jieshi(Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of Kuomintang)’s dictatorship in public. After Second Sino-Japanese War(1937-1945), Jiang jieshi still maintained his autocracy and launched the war with Chinese Communist Party(Second Chinese Civil War, 1945-1949) in spite of the opposition of the people. At that time, a lot of demonstration for stopping autocracy and civil war but all of the demonstrations were suppressed by Kuomintang’s army, large amount of democratic personages were assassinated by secret agents of Kuomintang, include Li Gongbu. At his memorial service, most of audience are Kunming’s citizens who disagree with civil war and Lianda (National southwest associate University)’s students, but some secret agents sneaked into the service and try to mess up the memorial service, when Li Gongbu’s wife made speech in a tearful voice, they started to laugh and shout. In fact, Wen Yiduo wasn’t invited to give memorial speech because the compere worried about Wen had been already on Kuomintang’s blacklists, if he give speech, he would get into great danger. But after Mrs. Li giving speech, Wen stood up and stepped on the platform, gave his speech that was filled with indignation.
    Wen Yiduo did not follow the rules of usual memorial essay that should begin with decedent’s life and express his condolences to decedent. He offered a striking statement: “The most despicable, the most shameless incident occurred in Kunming.” Wen noticed the audience that it is a shameless murder that was schemed by Kuomintang, also warned the secret agents in the service that I know you did that. Then put up some question to stir up audience’s anger and queried secret agents: “What crime had Li Gongbu committed to deserve such an ending in unconscionable hands!” “Today I want to know if there are more secret agents here, right here, step up, you, tell us, why you killed Li Gongbu!” Wen began with the theme and topic that what a great patriot Li Gongbu is and how contemptible the Kuomintang did, in the speech, Wen Yiduo use a kind of body language-----hammering on the table to express his anger and it also stir up audience’s anger. The introduction is short but it make people get angry to this contemptible assassinate and know the true self of Kuomintang’s autocracy. So I think this speech more like a fight talk than memorial speech.
    In the conclusion, Wen ended with a striking sentence by quoting Li Gongbu’s words: “We are not afraid of death, we are constantly ready to follow in Li Gongbu’s footstep, the moment we step out of the door, we don’t think of stepping back!” He indicated toughly that he would insist on fighting against autocracy foe democracy and never give up. It is quiet effective and speaker achieve clarity. In the end of the speech, everyone was infected by Wen Yiduo and clapped for long time, and he frightened secret agents, also he was murdered after five hours because of his speech.

    This speech is also a text in my middle school Chinese class. Every times I read it, I will be inspired by Wen’s spirit and his integrity. It is very hard to imagine that how brave a person could face such a dangerous situation but still speak up for people and fight for democratic at that time. This speech is considered as one of the most successful speeches in Chinese modern history, and the speaker----- Wen Yiduo’s statue still stands at Tsinghua University , is memorized by Chinese students and tourists whom from all over the country. 

Interview with Sister M: Meri Linn McCollum


By Xinyi Chen, October 19, 2016
    This week, I interviewed Meri Linn McCollum on October 19. Meri Linn is the director of International admission & Immigration Services Operations and Coordinator of Study Abroad, also she is the lecturer in World Language. For every international students, she is a very kind and nice professor and advisor and help us a lot in American college life, even Chinese students called Meri Linn as Sister M. This Thursday I talked with her about her works with International students and the teaching life in Muskingum University, let you know more about Sister M.
      The first question is about the reason that Meri Linn came to Muskingum for teaching. She told me that she was born and grew up in New Concord, after ending up going to school in Northern Ohio, she transferred to school in Florida. Then she moved and started the job in Raleigh, North Carolina. At last, she had opportunity to return here and got a job in register office in Muskingum University.
      Meri Linn has been to a lot of countries and she was an International student in the past, she shared me some experience about studying abroad: In high school she went to Mexica for faculty-student trip, that is the first foreign country she visited in her life; After returning New Concord, Meri Linn visited Germany for four weeks by attending German Language Program, she really enjoyed it, experienced German culture and got big improvement on her German language speaking. “It was amazing!” She commended the trip in Germany. Then she has been to Ireland, Italy, Spain and any other countries. When she talking about foreign language studying, she claimed that: “The only way you really get to know a language in a culture is to go to that country.”
      Next, we started to talk about the language problem that exist in every second language learner when they go to a foreign country or talk with foreigner. Just like us, for Chinese people, because of the very different language systems, language becomes one of the biggest problems in American college life. Meri Linn told me a story she has experienced in her first time Germany trip: At that time, she was with a group and at a train station and looking for the hotel, so they found the information desk in train station and asked for help. Because she asked in German so the staff responded in German, but she wasn’t sure about the answers and the staff repeated it and answered it more slowly and clearly. Meri Linn nodded and smiled to him then led students to find the hotel, but they walked a long time and didn’t find it, so they had to get back to information desk and asked again. Finally, they that the hotel is right across the street. That is the first experience in Germany. From this experience, she finds that people are very nice if you use their language and very forgiving and helpful, so do not worry about that you would make people unhappy when you make mistakes in using second language.
       After these, she said students need to understand that studying abroad is a possibility, many students don’t realize they can study abroad, many of them not even aware that they could benefit for going. Meri Linn gave some suggestion to the students who want to study abroad: Realize you can do it and she can help with that, it is benefit for studying by seeing the outside world and other culture in different place.
 In the interview, Meri Linn told me some difficulties in her work with international students: The cultural misunderstanding and culture shock. She was an international student so she knows the difficulties and challenges for international students when they leave far away from their hometown. Also the lack of cultural knowledge also cause some problem when she first teaches ESL classes. But in these years, she learns from international students about their culture and use the knowledge to help her students, and it helps a lot in getting along with international students.
      In the last question why does she do this job, Meri Linn, our Sister M answered:

      “Because I love languages and cultures, I always have, and I really enjoy getting to meet new students every year, and enjoy watching students come in and they might be a little shy, but watching them become confident and really become a part of University, and four years to watch them graduate, and knowing maybe I help them to feel more comfortable to help them succeed. I get a lot of joy that I have in my job and my life comes from helping other people, and that all the reward I need is to see one of my students to be successful and be happy, have opportunity.”

Analyze about Convergent Media

       Journalism has changed a lot during the time, especially in 21st century when the internet spread to the everymen daily life via smartphones and personal computers. Journalism need to change to defend the recession made by internet strike and contract audience and clients. Today, we could find that a lot of news projects use many kind of tools to turn around their adverse conditions such as videos, related link, picture and they set up comment system to connect people. I get two example from CNN News and NYtime News to identify that how they use different media for making their news more attractive and credible.
         The first example is from NYtime News written by Emily Feng on August 16, 2016. This report is talking about Fu Yuanhui who is a Chinese athlete discussing her period in an interview on Saturday, this interview shocked public and it trigger public discussion about female’s period. In this report, author use video that record the interview with Fu Yuanhui so that make the article more credible and clarify; also author put Fu Yuanhui’s photo to make audience know that she is a swimmer in Rio Olympic Game. In the text, author insert some links to introduce Fu Yuanhui and how she become a star in Olympic Game and something about the period, if audience is interested in this reporting and want to know more, they can click the links to other related news. And the comment system provide the chance to netizens to discuss this news and share their expression under the news.
       The second news is from CNN News written by Stephen Clinson and Jeremy Diamond on August 31, 2016. As this title said that the story is between Donald Trump and Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto talking about the border wall payment and president disputed it. In this story, authors use a comic picture about presidential debate between Republican Party and Democratic Party, it mentions audience that what Trump does is just for gaining more votes. And the related video Trump go to Mexico and start relationship with Mexico is to tell audience the story’s background and make them more clear about this news. The report also insert some link to related stories and news about Trump’s speech and the border wall, they help audience know better about Donald Trump’s opinion of immigration.



Work Cited
          Uninhibited Chinese Swimmer, Discussing Her Period, Shatters Another Barrier, By Emily Feng, August 16, 2016, New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/17/world/asia/china-fu-yuanhui-period-olympics.html
            Mexican President Disputes Trump over Border Wall Payment Discussion, By Stephen Colinson and Jeremy Diamond, August 31, 2016, CNN.http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/30/politics/donald-trump-enrique-pea-nieto-mexico/index.html



Annual Report Research

1. WWF 2015 Annual Report
      Every year WWF’s annual report has different theme, in 2015, the theme of the annual report is polar bear protection. Designer put a photo that a researcher checked up a polar bear, the polar bear lied down, a big claw occupies the left bottom of the photo, on the right top there is a man and a helicopter, the whole photo present asymmetrical balance. On the middle right part, the tittle and WWF logo shows up in small typography to make it concise. Then, the annual report use a lot of nice photography to show the things and report they want to tell, and use charts and graphs to show data, it is very easy to read for reader. This annual report design use white and blue as its main color, well it could remind audience know that and annual report more talk about the polar bear. 



2.  The Palace Museum 2013 Annual Report
       I really like the cover of this annual report: very concise, but shows the Forbidden City’s very deep historical atmosphere. The cover use deep gray, the tittle of the annual report use different color to emphasize the years and “annual report”, and put tittle on the left top part. Under the tittle, it is the blue logo of the museum. In the report, the page of chapter reminder use yellow color, in Ancient China, yellow represent emperor, the color also shows that the museum was the emperor’s palace in the past time. Report use many pictures to make audience more memorial about the things happened in 2013. The whole design is very concise and clear.



3. FedEx 2013 Annual Report
        Like WWF annual reports, every year FedEx will decide a certain theme for annual report. I choose 2013 annual report. The report theme is “Forward”. On the cover, designer use sky and some blue lines (different blues) that toward one direction to show the theme. The whole color styles is blue, in the report, designer use blue color emphasize tittle and subtitles. Also it uses multiple pictures to attract audience and different charts and graphs to show the data. The whole design is very concise and simple, cold color style make audience’s eyes’ “cool” and comfortable to read.


Friday, April 7, 2017

Think of Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains

    2011 must be a happy year for Chinese Artist: Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains finally became completed in National Palace Museum in Taiwan. Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains was divided into two parts and they are separated for hundreds years: First part is called Master Wuyong Scroll and collected by National Palace Museum after World War II and Chinese Civil War; The other part is called The Remaining Mountains, it was collected by Zhejiang Provincial Museum.
      Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains is one of the most important national treasures in China, it was drawn by Chinese painter Gongwang Huang in 1347 for his friend Master Wuyong (E Zheng).  Huang is one of the four most famous painters of the Yuan Dynasty. He was a low-rank official in Dadu (today’s Beijing), then capital  of  the  dynasty,  and  was  imprisoned as  a  result  of  an  unjust  sentence.  After he was released, he began traveling around the country and drew pictures to amuse himself. In his 50s, Huang became a hermit living along the Fuchun River area where he began to learn from a painting master and dedicate his life to Chinese landscape painting (YuanKai, 41). Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains is a wash painting drawn on the scroll and it is a landscape of Fuchun Mountains in Zhejiang province, it is carefully designed and developed in layers of wet washes and brush strokes, giving a convincing appearance of offhand but inspired organization and of spontaneous ink-play in detail. He arrange mountains and river elaborately, the color is simple and elegant in total and variational, the painting present a good balance and it shows the highest level of ancient Chinese landscape painting. Also, there is a twisty story behind this incredible Chinese painting. When this painting was sent to Master Wuyong, in 300 years, Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains had many different owners and they considered it as a unique treasure, especially a collector called Hongyu Wu in late Ming Dynasty, he even burned it after his death so he could enjoy the sight of Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains in heavens. According to Nantian postprint, the author Shouping Yun writes: “Hongyu Wu loves two curios a lot in his life: One is the authentic work Thousand-character Classic, the other is Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains, and want them to be burial objects after his death. On Hongyu’s dead bed, he ordered his family to burn them. The first day he saw Thousand-character Classic burned with his own eyes until it burned to ashes. On the next day morning he hold the libation and then put Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains on the fire, left to his bedroom when the fire burned up…… His nephew Jingan Wu rushed to the place where the painting was burned, rescued the painting from the fire……” Although this treasure finally was rescued, but it has already burned into several holes and separated into two parts: The shorter one is called The Remaining Mountain but it was lost for long time; the longer one called Master Wuyong Scroll, it was collected by Qianlong Emperor in Qing Dynasty. And here is another story about Master Wuyong Scroll: Qianlong Emperor gained Master Wuyong Scroll and believed that it is the real masterpiece of Gongwang Huang, but next year one person offered another Master Wuyong Scroll to Qianlong Emperor. It means that there must have one painting is replica, Qianlong Emperor thought that the second painting is replica but he said that although it is replica but it is still a nice work, so he still payed for it in a high price then wrote some words on the second painting to sign that it is a replica. In fact, the second Master Wuyong Scroll is authentic. Anti-Japanese War, The Remaining Mountain was founded by Chinese Artist Hufan Wu, in 1956 was collected by Zhejiang Provincial Museum. It seems like Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains would have a chance to become completed, but Chinese Nationalist Party was failed in Chinese Civil War and took Master Wuyong Scroll to Taiwan. The chance that complete Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountain have to be waited for 62 years.
    Although Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains was divided for more than three and a half centuries, but they are saved and protected well during the wars. Comparing with other art works and cultural relics, this painting is a lucky one.
    For Chinese people, there is always a wound in our heart about Yuanming Yuan. Yuanming Yuan, often translated as the Garden of Perfect Brightness, was a palace and garden complex situated twelve kilometers northwest of central Beijing (Thomas 117). It is a royal garden and is called the “Garden of Gardens” Because that it was known for its extensive collection of garden and building architecture and other works of art. But it was destroyed by British and French troops in the second opium war in 1860. The soldiers rushed into the palace and looted the rare and valuable objects, if they couldn’t carry them, they would destroy them, after pillage, the troops burned Yuanming Yuan for three days and three nights, just remain the ruins……There are many wonderful art works and cultural relics are destroyed or lost in the war. Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, but In World War II, Nazi stole it from Russia and we couldn’t find it even now. Buddhas of Bamiyan is the third tallest Buddhas in the world and it exists for nearly 1500 years, but it was blown up by Taliban in March 12th, 2001. And now, Ancient City of Damascus is in danger because of Syrian Wars……
    Art reflects a culture’s essence, relics and art works could represent the highest art standard and hard-working spirit and wisdom in the different periods of this culture. They are treasures in the world, but they are too fragile in wars. Today people try their best to rescue them from wars and restore the treasures destroyed in wars. Chinese government try to take back the art works and relics that was grabbed by British and French troops from Yuanming Yuan and starts to rebuild Yuanming Yuan according to the ancient books. The Amber room finally was restored by Russian artisans in Saint Petersburg in 2003. And the Buddhas of Bamiyan, the reconditioning work is going well with the help from a lot of countries in the world. Today, more and more people considered it important and try to help with this hard work. But, it can’t solve the problem fundamentally. Sometimes the more we rescue, the more wars would destroy, if we don’t stop the wars, this situation would maintain and still have more and more relics and art works would disappear, and it is impossible that the wars will disappear. So, that means we have to focus more on the protecting.  In international law, there are certain conventions that protect cultural property during wartime. These conventions and other institutions responsible for its protection will be explored below (Katrin and Candice M., 134).  But it is a very hard and complex work because in the wars, it not only just destroy or damage relics and art works directly by weapons or the traps, some people and some illegal groups will grab or bought them in low price and sell the relics and art works in the international black market, and because of the terrible environment and rough-and-tumble situation the art works and relics also would get damage. In such situations, it is hard to take back the relics and protect them. People’s lack of the awareness of protecting relics and art works is also an important reason, you could realize that causing huge damages to the cultural relics and art works mostly happens in some developing countries or under-development countries, because In these countries, people have low education and less stable society, don’t have enough mentions to protect relics and art works.
    Restoring cultural relics and art works is a negative solution to “protect” them. So we must focus more on the protecting and rescuing. First is to get good security and defense, it mostly work on museums, but if this museum is occupied by some militants or even terrorists, the cultural relics and art works would be very dangerous. So I think that a good ways to protect relics and art work in the war time is to transfer them to other safe place. In the Anti-Japanese War, the Chinese government at that time transferred most of the important treasures and relics that from the Forbidden City to Sichuan Province before Japanese troop arriving to Beijing and it saved a lot of treasures including Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountain, but it couldn’t transfer the huge relics and it is dangerous in transferring in the war time. The last solution is hiding, place relics and art works in safe place.
     Rescuing and protecting the relics and art works from the wars is a very hard but important work. I have said that art work and cultural relics represent a culture’s highest achievement in different period. If they are destroyed, it is not only this culture’s damage, but also it is the loss in the world. And about the wars, we just can pray that there is no wars one day.



Work Cited
Thomas, Greg M.Yuanming Yuan/Versailles: Intercultural Interactions between Chinese and
                 European Palace Cultures.”  Art History (2009)2:115-143. Academic Search Complete.
                 Web. 13 April 2016. 
Workert, Katrin and Juby Candice M. “rotection of Iraqi cultural property since the war 2003:
                  The international legal framework, failures and implications for the future.”  
                   International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies. (2011)10: 131-147.  Academic
                   Search Complete.  Web. 13 April 2016. 
Yuankai, Tang. “A Painting Tells Its Story.” Beijing Review (2011)5:40-41. Academic Search

                  Complete.  Web. 13 April 2016.  

Criticism of Moonlight Landscape

    March 17th, professor took us to visit Zanesville Art Museum and find a work to write a criticism for our paper. In the left passage, I was attracted by an oil paint landscape, it gave me a deep impression and let me make decision to write about it.
     This landscape is a realistic oil paint called Moonlight Landscape by American Artist Ralph. A. Blacklock(1847-1919) in 1890. The landscape appears a scene by the river in a dark night: The black trees shadows are on the both sides, dark clouds occupy the bottom, a bright moon hangs over the river and it is reflected on the water, the gentle moonlight is flowing. The composition of this landscape is kind of informal because the right side tree shadows is bigger than the left and it is more united, that make the painting interesting. The color is totally dark hue, but the moon and its inverted reflection in water is bright and make a big comparison with the dark surroundings, it emphasizes the main figure in the work----- the moon, to make the moon more brighten. Trees shadows, river and moon compose a triangle to make the landscape stable. All the painting present a gentle, quiet and peaceful atmosphere and it make me calm down and feel comfortable.
    I think the artist just wants to appear a peaceful, gentle and beautiful moonlight scene as its title has told us. The dark shadows, the bright moon and its inverted reflection in the river are combined into a wonderful atmosphere and make me fell into this beautiful moonlight scenery. I have been influenced by this atmosphere when I first saw it. It makes me think of the bright moon hang over the Yellow River in my hometown Lanzhou. At those days I missed my hometown so much even when I see the clouds in the sky, I can’t help to image that I have already got on the plane to China. Ralph’s Moonlight Landscape remind me the moon in my hometown and make me homesick, but its gentle moonlight calm me down and make me more comfortable. I really missing the lovely moonlight in my hometown and my family.
    In sum, the artist presents a beautiful moonlight landscape and builds the atmosphere successfully and it influences my feelings. In my opinion, a good art work is not only make a beautiful work, but also lead the audience into its works and could strike a chord with audience. For me, Ralph. A. Blakelock’s Moonlight Landscape is a successful work of art. 


Think of Juno

        To tell you’re the truth, Juno has become one of my favorite films and I have watched it more than three times, but I never feel bored. Compared with other same type films about puberties, Juno get great success and a roaring reputation, this film told that junior student Juno found that she is pregnant after an intercourse without appropriate contraceptive, she doesn’t want baby but she doesn’t do abortion so Juno decided to send the baby to Loring’s who want baby, but she found it is not easy…….The films shows a very different girl Juno and she give me very deep expression: a tomboy with her funny talking and actions. Willis writes in her article “Sexual Subjectivity: A Semiotic Analysis of Girlhood, Sex, and Sexuality in the Film Juno”: “In a visual era lacking widespread representations of strong female characters not sexually objectified or singularly defined by their interest in romance, Juno offers a refreshing reconstitution of the young female subject”(24). And it masterly transfer their opinions of teen pregnancy problem to audience: There is another way to treat teen pregnancy. In this film, Juno challenges traditional femininity, she beyond people’s expectation about traditional femininity and how to treat teen pregnancy, also it reflect a big stereotypes about women’s bodies and psychology being linked.
        The first thing is that to analyze Juno. In fact, I was amazed by this unusual girl when the film begin. At the first scene, Juno stood in front of a red, old chair with a bottle of juice on her hand at dusk, wearing a red jacket and blue jeans, she watched the chair and recalled the intercourse with Bleeker, then a dog barked to her and stopped her reminiscence. After that Juno throw some works to the dog with rudely and angry mood: “Geez, Banana, shut your frigging gob, okay?!”(Juno) I burst into laugh when Juno said these words and I realized she is very different, and yes she is. In the film you will see that Juno always wears jacket and jeans in some colors that was considered belong to boy’s, talking in vulgar and funny ways, and the swagger actions. I saw Juno in a Chinese video app, most of the commands says that Juno is so cool and so funny, anyway, they have the same words: Juno is not a girl what we have known. “The 2007 film release of Juno offers certain challenges to past conceptualization of girlhood, yet the representation of female sexuality as tied to traditional notions of ‘femininity’ remains substantially unchanged”(Willis, 241). It means that most of people think that girlhood should be ‘femininity’: delicate, emotional, being keen on dressing up and shopping, felling love with a boy……but Juno breaks it! She is such a freak compare with traditional girlhood, she love punk and horror movies, wears like boy, she has boyfriend but she isn’t obsessed with love, especially she is funny. If we draw a comparison between Juno and other film’s female characters, you would see than most of female characters are the same: sexy, killjoy and emotional. Especially killjoy, you will find that in a lot of film, whatever the main character is man or woman, male characters always make fun but not women. Hubbard claims: “But if we dismiss the early descriptions as ideological, so are the descriptions scientists have offered that characterize women as weak, overemotional, and at the mercy of our raging hormones, and that construct our entire being around the function of our reproductive organ” (46), combining with her words, traditional stereotype think that killjoy, weak, emotional is the basic characteristics of women, and it reflect in the films then transfer to audience. So the stereotype becomes very stable even it is received by a lot of women.
        In Juno, Paulie Bleeker is a very interested male character. In the film, Bleeker is a shy, irresolute boy, also he is out of traditional masculinity. At the scene that Juno seated on the chair in front of Bleeker’s house, the conversation between Juno and Bleeker really make me amazed:
        Juno: So guess what?
        Bleeker: What? I don’t know.
        Juno: I’m pregnant.
        Bleeker: (Shocked, long silence) W-What should we do……about.
        Juno: Well, you know, I was just…..I was thinking I’d just nip it in the bud, before it gets worse. Cause they were talking about, in health class how pregnancy, it can often lead to an infant.
        Bleeker: Typically, yeah, yeah. That what happens when our moms and teachers get pregnant.
        Juno: So you’re cool with that then?
        Bleeker: Yeah, yeah, wizard, I mean, you know, just, I guess do whatever you think you should do, you know?
        Juno: Well, I’m sorry I had sex with you. I know it wasn’t, like, your idea.
        Bleeker: Whose idea was it?
        Juno: I’ll see you at school, all right? (Rode on bike and left)
        Bleeker: (After Juno leaving) Whose idea was it?
        From this conversation you would find that Juno is more aggressive but Bleeker is kind of weak. Having sex is Juno’s idea and the solution that treat her pregnancy is also Juno’s idea. Then think of Bleeker, when he first heard that Juno is pregnant, he was shocked and got afraid of it, look back to Juno, she is so calm. In fact, I think that Juno should be shocked by her pregnancy but she isn’t. So someone thinks that their characteristics is shifted, if they exchange the characteristics, audience might consider that it is much more suitable. Willis comments that although Bleeker does not challenge dominant cultural depictions of males as sexually desiring subjects, his bodily positioning in the sex scene suggests the potential of a non-aggressive masculinity (251). Yes, in this film, Bleeker also desire to intercourse with Juno, after having sex, he held Juno’s underpants. But in traditional masculinity, Bleeker doesn’t conform to it even make people think he is a pussy. But at the second half of the fil, although Juno get pregnant and was avoided and teased by her schoolmates , Bleeker still love her and at the end of the film when he realized Juno got parturition, he went to the hospital and saw Juno. I was moved by this and think Bleeker is a good man. So Bleeker challenge traditional masculinity that man should be aggressive.
        About the film, teen pregnancy, intercourse and abortion are the key points. On Chinese Internet, there are a lot of netizens is arguing about these problems after watching Juno. Some of the netizens think that Juno encourage teenagers don’t do abortion if they’re pregnant, then someone disagreed that they just show a solution about teen pregnancy; others start to argue that whether teenagers should have intercourse. Well, these problems are very important in society, the pregnancy and abortions always make a lot of arguments. In the film, when the Juno first meet Vanessa to talk about Juno’s pregnancy, Vanessa was worried that Juno would regret her decision what she had promised and want to keep her baby, but Juno took away her thoughts, after that there is a conversation between Juno, Vanessa and Juno’s father:
        Vanessa: Have you ever felt like you were just born to do something?
        Juno’s father: Yes. Heating and air-conditioning.
        Vanessa: There you go. I was born to be a mother. Some of we are.
        In this conversation then combining with the things that Vanessa was worried about that Juno would regret, you would find that Vanessa think that pregnancy and having baby is the duty of women. In Lorber’s article “‘Night to his day’: The Social Construction of Gender”, she claims: “Western society’s values legitimate gendering by claiming that it all comes from physiology-----female and male procreative differences” (20). Of cause, men and women’s differences is the different genitals, and because of that, just women can be pregnant. But about the pregnancy, some people think whether women would like or not, they have to get baby. Because they think that if a woman get pregnant, she must have a duty and desire to take care of baby, because this is women’s natural instincts, baby is born by her, so she need to take care of it. I have read a lot of novels and stories that a woman got pregnant because she had sex with a strange man, at the beginning she want to take over her baby but she give up, then she had the baby and fed it, in the end the woman found that man and they fell in love with each other! What’s the heck with it? I can’t understand that why she won’t do abortion, and the answer is always that baby is guiltless, but is it the good reason that women should feed it when she have big pressure to take care of it or can’t do it? Some Medias and groups require women not to do abortion, but the teen pregnancy still have to be blamed by society, it is a big contradiction. Then I find another point: Where is the men? Where is the fathers? When society blame these teen pregnancy cases, public always ignore the “father”. In the film, Juno’s tummy becoming huge, and her schoolmates gave her strange look and started to tease her, but Bleeker------the father didn’t get any blame from others, is this fair? And it reminded me some commands about rape cases, it is obviously that women is the victim sufferer, but some people blame that why women go out so late? Why they dressed so hot? They deserved it. Even someone attacks the sufferers that they must be lewd, flighty because of their body and clothes. Is it normal to link women’s mind and their body/ Does it conform to the equal what we have said a lot? I don’t understand.
        Juno is a wonderful movie and it shows the different girlhood, I really like it. But I realize that there still have big stereotypes about gender especially in intercourse, pregnancy and abortion problems. But unfortunately, there still have some people don’t realize them, it is serious and if we won’t come over this stereotype, that means it is quiet hard to achieve gender equal.  



Work cited
       Hubbard, Ruth. “Rethinking Women’s Biology.” Composing Gender. Ed. Rachel Groner and   
                        John O’Hara. Boston: Bedford, 2009. 46-52. Print.
       Lorber, Judith. “‘Night to His Day’: The Social Construction of Gender.” Composing Gender.
                     Ed. Rachel Groner and O’Hara. Boston: Bedford, 2009. 46-52. Print.
       Willis, Jessica L. “Sexual Subjectivity: A Semiotic Analysis of Girlhood, Sex, and Sexuality in
                  the Film Juno.” Sexuality & Culture (2008) 12: 240-256. Academic Search Complete.
                  Web. 18 April. 2016.               


     

View of Patriotism Changed in WWI

        Everyone who learns history knows that WWI is one of the most ruthless wars that causes millions of casualties during 1914 to 1918. We consider WWI as an unjust war: A colonies-redistribution war between old and new imperialism countries. But for the average men who lived in that period, they didn’t know what the war really fought for, they thought they fought for country, for glory even for justice, but like our textbook said: “Dreams of glory inspired tens of thousands of men to enlist. But the fighting did not go as expected.” [1]After the war, many people started to rethink the purpose of this Great War, rethink the patriotism that the government and elders taught. Here are three writings that could reflect the changing of patriotism in that period.
         The first document is a fragment of All Quiet on the Western Front written by a German soldier names Erich Maria Remarque. In this fragment Remarque showed us the feeling and thought changed when he went to the barracks at 20 years old. At first, he was very proud to join in the army like any other young men, romanticized the war and looked forward to glory: “We were still crammed full of vague ideas which gave to life, and to the war also, an ideal and almost romantic character.” [2]And then got embittered because of the boring life in barracks and military system, finally became indifferent: “We recognized that what matters is not the mind but the boot brush, not intelligence but the system, not freedom but drill.” [3]“We became soldiers with eagerness and enthusiasm.” [4]The big change of thought due to the big fall of expectation between the truth and propagandize: romantic war and hero, fight for motherland and glory. The truth of the war breaks these young men’s beautiful imagination and brings a deep disappointing feeling that to be cheated.
          To be cheated by propagandize and education they received is one of the reasons that to make people rethought the war. Another reason is the huge casualty that is never ever had. According to Worlds Together Worlds Apart, in WWI more than 70 million men worldwide fought in the war, including almost all of Europe’s young adult males, but over half of the men who were mobilized died, were wounded or taken prisoner, or report missing in action. [5]Millions of people died but little territory won and lost stroke people’s heart and started doubting the purpose and meaning of the war, the anti-war sentiment appeared strongly. Why the war caused such huge injuries and deaths, we can find the reason in these two poem in the battlefield.
          Counter-attack is a poem of Siegfried Sassoon and it describes a failing counter-attack. The poem shows the terrible environment in trench warfare: Dirt, clammy, a rainy day in the war, soldiers are tired and cold: “pallid, unshaved and thirsty, blind with smock.” “A yawning soldier knelt against the bank, staring across the morning blear with fog; He wondered when the Allemands would get busy.” [6]It seems like they waited to die. Through this poem you can taste a deep despair, every soldier has to die in this cruel war. “Bleeding to death. The counter-attack had failed.”[7] There is no hope in the war. In the poem, Sassoon expressed his anti-war thoughts by describing a counter-attack, and told us a new type of land warfare-----trench warfare. Trench warfare declined means that the battle line is stasis, and it causes amount of casualty. “Life in the trenches mixed boredom, dampness, dirt, vermin, and disease, punctuated by the terror of being ordered to ‘go over the top’ to attack the enemy’s entrenched position.”[8]
           Not only trench warfare causes lots of casualty in WWI, new weapons used in warfare made a lot of disaster and killed thousands of soldier in that period, poison gases is one of the new weapons that invented and used first in WWI. In Wilfred Owen’s poem Dulce et Decorum Est, he described a poison gas attack: “Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light. As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.” “He plunges at me, guttering, chocking, drowning.” [9]New weapon’s using make war more and more like a meat grinder, high casualty rate shocked people. In the end of the poem, Owen wrote: “the old Lie: Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori.” This is a Latin declaration of patriotic duty that English students repeated as a lesson means sweet and proper it is to die for one’s country. This is a query of patriotism about this war, this war is not necessary, this is the war that people have to die but nothing to win. Also it is an accusation to the “false” patriotic propagandize.
             These three author are normal people so they don’t know that the war really fight for. For most of soldier and people at WWI, they thought they fight for country, for glory. But the war’s ruthless and horror made them doubt about it after millions of people dying, the propagandize beautify the war, but the truth is desperation. New technique, new weapons, new warfare, this war we could say that it is the first modern war in history, but nobody prepared for it. WWI has already ended for one hundred years, but the wounds still exist and left a huge scar in human’s history.  

Work Cited
Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front. Translated A. W. Wheen. (New York: Grosset and Dunalp, 1930), in Stuart B. Schwartz, Linda R. WImmer, and Robert S. Wolff (eds), The Global Experience. Volume Two. (New York: Longman, 1998), 214-217.
Siegfried Sassoon, "Counter-Attack," in Stuart B. Schwartz, Linda R. Wimmer, and Robert S. Wolff (eds.), The Global Experience. Volume Two. (New York: Longman, 1998), 217-218.
Wilfred Owen, "Dulce et Decorum Est," in Kevin Reilly (ed.), Worlds of History. Volume Two (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2013), 939-940.
Robert Tignor, Jeremy Adelman, Stephen Aron, Stephen Kotkin, Suzanne Marchand, Gyan Prakash, and Micheal Tsin. Worlds Together Worlds Apart, Fourth Edition, Volume Two. (New York: WW Norton & Company, 2010), 707-709.



[1] Robert Tignor, Jeremy Adelman, Stephen Aron, Stephen Kotkin, Suzanne Marchand, Gyan Prakash, and Micheal Tsin. Worlds Together Worlds Apart, Fourth Edition, Volume Two. (New York: WW Norton & Company, 2010), 707-709.
[2] Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front. Translated A. W. Wheen. (New York: Grosset and Dunalp, 1930), in Stuart B. Schwartz, Linda R. WImmer, and Robert S. Wolff (eds), The Global Experience. Volume Two. (New York: Longman, 1998), 215.
[3] Remarque, “All”, 215.
[4] Remarque, “All”, 215.
[5] Tignor, “world”, 707-709.
[6] Siegfried Sassoon, "Counter-Attack," in Stuart B. Schwartz, Linda R. Wimmer, and Robert S. Wolff (eds.), The Global Experience. Volume Two. (New York: Longman, 1998), 217-218.
[7] Sasson, “Counter-Attack”, 218.
[8] Tignor, “World”, 707.
[9] Wilfred Owen, "Dulce et Decorum Est," in Kevin Reilly (ed.), Worlds of History. Volume Two (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2013), 939-940.

Visual Art in my community ----- Hangzhou


         Because I am an international student and I don’t have car and driving license that I couldn’t visit any towns and cities out of New Concord and Zanesville, so I have to discuss a city in China where I have been there. This city is called Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province, it was capital of China in Song Dynasty and economic and cultural center in Ancient China so you could feel elegant Ancient Chinese style surround this city, also, the dominant art mostly is about Chinese paintings and handwritings. The art center of Hangzhou is the West Lake, in ancient China, there were a lot of famous artists, writers and poets that lived around the West Lake, and they left a large amount of productions to describe the West Lake. One of the most famous poets in Song Dynasty called Shi Su writes: The West Lake looks like the fair lady at her best, whether she is richly adorned or plainly dressed. So, it is not doubt that the West Lake become one of the most famous art centers in China. Around the Lake, you could see lots of Ancient Chinese wooden buildings sit near the lake, most of them are the stores to sell silk, pottery, china and wood staffs. Near the West Lake, One of the best art college in China ----- China Academy of Art located in there, so you could see some college students sketch and paint for tourist and surroundings.
        Zhejiang Province museum is also on the West Lake. It is a major museum of Chinese art and located on the Gushan Island in the West Lake. The buildings are in the style of the ancients. When I walked into the museum, the first exhibition room is to display the earthenware and bone objects about Houmusu culture between BCE5000-BCE3300, the earthenware are functional and beautiful with some animals’ patterns, just like fish, pigs and double-head birds, most of them appear the ancient life and their religious. The next5 exhibition room is about bronze wares in Shang Dynasty about BCE1766-BCE1122, the technique skills of bronze wares became more and more exquisite in Shang Dynasty, I was shocked by these delicate art works and weapons. Because I came to museum too late so I just watched two exhibition rooms. I heard that in this museum, most of the art works is about Chinese art works, and the exhibition rooms arrangement follow the chronological order to exhibit the works. Zhejiang Province Museum is one of the most famous museum in China because of its collections, the Remaining Mountains (Small part of Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains) is exhibited in there.
         For Chinese art students, Hangzhou is the place that everyone wants to come because its deep cultural deposits and strong artistic atmosphere. For every art students who learn Chinese traditional art, it is a good place to go.